Quick Reference Tables

Essential DM and player reference tables at a glance.

Ability Score Modifiers

Score	Mod	Score	Mod	Score	Mod
1	−5	9–10	0	19–20	+5
2–3	−4	11–12	+1	21–22	+6
4–5	−3	13–14	+2	23–24	+7
6–7	−2	15–16	+3	25–26	+8
8	−1	17–18	+4	27–28	+9

Proficiency Bonus by Level

Level	Bonus	Level	Bonus	Level	Bonus
1–4	+2	9–12	+3	17–20	+6
5–8	+3	13–16	+4

Difficulty Classes

Task Difficulty	DC
Very Easy	5
Easy	10
Medium	15
Hard	20
Very Hard	25
Nearly Impossible	30

Exhaustion Levels

Level	Effect
1	Disadvantage on ability checks
2	Speed halved
3	Disadvantage on attack rolls and saving throws
4	Hit point maximum halved
5	Speed reduced to 0
6	Death

Common AC Values

Situation	AC
Leather armor	11 + DEX
Chainmail	16
Plate armor	18
Shield	+2
Mage Armor spell	13 + DEX
Unarmored Defense (monk/barbarian)	10 + DEX + WIS/CON

Damage Types & Common Resistances

Type	Common Resistance
Acid	Oozes, rust monsters
Bludgeoning	Stone golems, some constructs
Cold	Ice mephits, white dragons
Fire	Fire elementals, efreeti, red dragons
Force	Very rare; magic-heavy creatures
Lightning	Air elementals, blue dragons
Necrotic	Undead
Piercing	Some constructs
Poison	Undead, constructs
Psychic	Undead, constructs
Radiant	Undead, fiends
Slashing	Plants, some constructs
Thunder	Rare; some flying creatures

Spell Save DC & Attack Bonus

Spellcasting Ability	Spell Save DC	Spell Attack Bonus
For each spellcasting class: DC = 8 + proficiency + ability modifier Attack = proficiency + ability modifier

Conditions (Abbreviated)

Condition	Effect Summary
Blinded	Can't see; disadvantage on attacks; attacks against have advantage
Charmed	Can't attack charmer; charmer has advantage on CHA checks
Deafened	Can't hear; automatic failure on ability checks requiring hearing
Frightened	Disadvantage on attacks/ability checks while source is visible; can't willingly move closer
Grappled	Speed 0; ends if grappler is incapacitated
Incapacitated	Can't take actions or reactions
Invisible	Can't be seen; attacks have advantage; attacks against have disadvantage
Paralyzed	Incapacitated; fails STR/DEX saves; attacks have advantage
Petrified	Incapacitated; immune to poison/disease; resistant to all damage; death only if reduced to 0 HP
Poisoned	Disadvantage on attack rolls and ability checks
Prone	Melee attacks within 5ft have advantage; ranged attacks have disadvantage
Restrained	Speed 0; disadvantage on DEX saves and attacks; attacks against have advantage
Stunned	Incapacitated; unable to move; can speak only falteringly; fails STR/DEX saves; attacks have advantage
Unconscious	Incapacitated; can't move or speak; unaware of surroundings; drops held items; attacks have advantage; any attack from 5ft is critical on hit

Resting & Recovery

Type	Duration	Recovery
Short Rest	1 hour minimum	Spend Hit Dice; regain 1/2 max HP with features
Long Rest	8 hours	All HP; Hit Dice restore (max 1/2 level); spellcasters recover spells
Short Rest Feature	Action	Second Wind (fighter); Channel Divinity reset

Weapon Properties

Property	Effect
Ammunition	Required to make ranged attacks; you can recover used ammunition
Finesse	Can use STR or DEX for attacks
Heavy	Creatures smaller than Medium disadvantage on attack rolls
Light	Can wield two light weapons in two hands
Loading	Can fire once per turn, regardless of action/bonus action
Range	Weapon has short and long range; disadvantage beyond normal range
Reach	Adds 5 feet to your reach with attack
Thrown	Can throw weapon; uses same modifier as melee attack
Two-Handed	Requires both hands; cannot be used with shield
Versatile	Can use one or two hands; damage changes based on hands

Encounter Difficulty (Adjusted XP)

Difficulty	Total XP	Per Character
Easy	Creature XP × 1	Encounter XP ÷ party
Medium	Creature XP × 1.5	Encounter XP ÷ party
Hard	Creature XP × 2	Encounter XP ÷ party
Deadly	Creature XP × 2.5	Encounter XP ÷ party

Travel Pace

Pace	Minute Distance	Hour Distance	Day Distance	Effect
Slow	200 ft	2 miles	18 miles	Stealth possible
Normal	300 ft	3 miles	24 miles	Default pace
Fast	400 ft	4 miles	30 miles	−5 Perception

Object Damage Thresholds & AC

Example	AC	HP
Wooden door	15	18
Iron door	19	27
Stone wall	17	30 per 10ft
Rope	15	2
Chain	20	10

Climbing, Swimming & Special Movement

Activity	Speed	DC Difficulty
Climbing (easy terrain)	½ walking speed	10
Climbing (difficult terrain)	¼ walking speed	15
Swimming (normal)	Walking speed	10 or Special
Flying (with wings)	Walking speed (varies)	Class feature
Crawling (prone)	½ walking speed	None (automatic)

Cover & Concealment

Type	AC Bonus	Save Bonus	Condition
Half Cover	+2	+2	½ body blocked (table, wall)
Three-Quarters Cover	+5	+5	¾ body blocked (arrow slit)
Total Cover	None	Immune	Completely blocked
Half Concealment	+2 (ranged only)	+2	Lightly obscured
Total Concealment	Can't see target	Advantage	Heavily obscured

Visibility & Light

Obscurement	Description	Effect
Bright Light	Sunlight, torches, lanterns (120 ft)	Normal vision
Dim Light	Twilight, shadows, candlelight (60 ft)	Lightly obscured
Darkness	No visible light source	Heavily obscured
Darkvision	60 ft (most races) to 120 ft (dwarves)	Perceive dim light as bright
Blindsight	Sense within specified range	See without eyes (through obstacles)

Surprise & Initiative

Mechanic	Roll/DC	Effect
Initiative	d20 + DEX mod	Determines combat turn order
Surprise Check	Stealth vs. Perception	Surprised creatures lose turn 1
Stealth DC	Passive Perception +/−	Hide action (must be obscured)
Detect Hidden	Perception check DC 15+	Spot hiding creature